Travel Vocabulary for English-Language Learners

The Continual Evolution Of A Complex Concept - 1045 Words

The Continual Evolution of a Complex Concept Integrity. Honesty. Kindness. Generosity. Morality. Courage. All these words strike a similar chord, but what exactly do they have in common? The common thread is that they are all synonyms for the concept of good. Yet, as society continually and carelessly slaps the label â€Å"good† on all sorts of people, places, and things, a complex question remains: what is good? From the eleventh century to the present day, as recorded by Douglas Harper, the definition of good has continued to evolve. Originally, English speakers used the German-derived term in reference to attributes, but it now includes a variety of sub concepts and ideologies (Harper). In this lexical investigation, a connotation of what constitutes good will be explored through analyzing three popular contexts of the term: language, morality, and social ideology. Since the beginning, languages and cultures around the world have developed various methods of communication that convey the idea of good; however, this ex ploration will primarily focus on verbal communication. What distinguishes good words from bad ones? It is ultimately determined by cultural meaning. Historically, the meaning of some offensive words, some with unclear origins, has always been negative (Tsai). Yet, most culturally bad words are taboo because of the idea that they express, often related negatively to sex, race, religion, or other social hotspots. In languages such as Bikol, used in theShow MoreRelatedConcept Analysis Of Orem s Self Care984 Words   |  4 PagesA Concept Analysis of Orem’s Self-Care The Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing impacts modern health as well as nursing more so than expected during its creation and evolution. The Institute of Medicine (IOM, 2001) demanded the need for health care to shift from acute care setting to management of disease. Consequently, today’s health care is in the midst of a paradigm shift, as it redirects its attention towards patient centered care, disease prevention and wellness promotion. The AffordableRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory On Evolution Essay1074 Words   |  5 PagesWhere and how did life start, along with the creation of the universe and Earth? Charles Darwin’s theory on evolution, which is called natural selection, is based on the idea of species naturally adapting to their surrounding environment to better the species chances for survival. Creationism, on the other hand, is the belief that the universe and living organisms originate from specific acts of divine creation. Both are theories on life, a nd how such life came to be thing we all know. It is notRead MoreConcept Analysis Of Orems Self Care1074 Words   |  5 PagesA Concept Analysis of Orem’s Self-Care Introduction The Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing impacts modern health as well as nursing more so than expected during its creation and evolution. The Institute of Medicine (IOM, 2001) demanded the need for health care to shift from acute care setting to management of disease. Consequently, today’s health care is in the midst of a paradigm shift, as it redirects its attention towards patient centered care, disease prevention and wellness promotion. TheRead MoreMy Statement of Purpose: VLSI Design703 Words   |  3 PagesStatement of Purpose (new text in red) Introduction The foundation of the computing industry is based on the rapid advances made in integrated circuit design and the continual evolution of systems software to make the most use of these innovations. 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Importance of Prayer Free Essays

Importance of Prayer What is Prayer Prayer is the utterance from your spirit to God. In simple terms, talking to God is called prayer. It’s the simple opening of one’s heart to our Father in Heaven. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of Prayer or any similar topic only for you Order Now It’s coming to Him and telling Him everything in your heart. Then, why do we find praying so complicated? Those of us who say, ‘I don’t pray because I don’t know how to pray, haven’t understood that prayer is just being yourself and talking to God with honesty and sincerity. When I was growing up, I found prayer very boring. It’s because it just seemed like an endless stream of meaningless words to me. However, when I truly understood what prayer meant (that it’s speaking to God with complete honesty, without any kind of masks or worrying about how and what you talk), my whole perspective about prayer changed. Prayer today is not a burdensome task that I have to complete everyday, but a joyful time I spend with my Lord. It’s such a privilege to be able to talk to the King of Kings; to share my innermost thoughts, my deepest desires! However, this privilege came at a price. Jesus Christ died on the cross for me, for my sins, just so that I could enter the throne of God’s grace with confidence. So is it for you! What is the Importance of Prayer Drawing Nearer to God†¦ If you do not pray, if you do not talk to God, you can never learn more about who He is. To understand the Father heart of God, we need to pray. To lead a life of intimacy with God, we need to pray. In John 15:15, Jesus says He no longer calls us his servants, but calls us His friends. Moreover, in 1 Corinthians 3:9, God calls us His fellow workers. But, how can we be His fellow workers if we refuse to talk to Him? Tool to Bind Powers of Darkness†¦ Prayer is powerful and you need to remember, the words uttered in prayer have wonder-working power. Do not underestimate the power of prayer. The Devil is constantly trying to discourage us, demoralize us and weaken our faith in God. When tempted to fall into sin, pray. Prayer gives us the power to overcome. Pray gives us the strength and the faith to finish the race marked before us in this life. Prayer Changes You†¦ Why are parents so worried about the company their children are in? It’s because they know the company you are in, can influence you. The influence may be positive or negative, but there sure is an influence. The more time you spend with God, the more your face will shine with the radiance of God. The more your nature will resemble the loving nature of God. Our habits and lifestyles change. We no longer live selfish lives, but love others with a pure and sincere heart. Prayer changes us from the inside, which soon gets reflected on the outside. Prayer Protects†¦ It is important to pray for God’s protection on your family everyday. Pray for your parents, spouse, children every single day. Parents have the responsibility to make their kids understand the importance of prayer. Children are extremely vulnerable and the choices they make during their growing up years will shape their future. Pray for God’s protection upon their young lives. Prayer Heals†¦ Jesus healed the sick while He was on Earth. He also gave authority to His disciples to heal. Jesus Christ has also given each one of us who believes in Him, the authority to heal. Pray for emotional, spiritual and physical healing for yourself and for those around you. Walk towards Him and you will be healed. Prayer Brings Developments†¦ There’s no point in getting frustrated. One must fast and pray. There is power in fasting and praying. Fasting and prayer is powerful. Fast and pray on a regular basis (weekly or more frequently if possible). Select a time when you have the house to yourself, so you will be free to sing and pray aloud. Start by singing a few choruses, then begin reading the Bible. After that pour your heart out to God and share your burdens openly. Then read some more from the Bible. Don’t stop fasting and praying even if you feel the breakthrough is taking too long. Continue fasting and praying. You will receive the answers to your prayers. How to cite Importance of Prayer, Essay examples

Financial intelligence for HR Professionals-Samples for Students

Question: How Management decision making could be related to Capital Budgeting Techniques such as, internal rate of return, net present value etc. Answer: An organization is based on the decisions made by its management. Therefore, decision making process turns out to be a crucial part of an entity as one wrong decision could result in heavy losses to the firm whether in terms of revenue or reputation. 'Decision - making involves the examination of various courses of actions and choosing the most appropriate option in order to arrive at a conclusion for a given scenario. Decision making process focuses on' goals'. It is continuous in nature as our business environment is dynamic so as soon as one problem ends, the other one arises and it goes on (Berman, Knight and Case, n.d.). Corporate decision making takes place at various levels of the entity whether top down or bottom up. Corporate decision making is characterized by its implementers because a decision is effective only when it is being implemented in the best possible manner. The large laid plans can go in vain if there is no commitment from the middle lower management. Hence, it is important for a management to maintain a good healthy relation with its middle level lower level management (Bruner, Eades and Schill, 2017). Thus, corporate decisions are successful as long as there is a 'glue' to keep the organization together in the form of encouraged leaders and the firm that values coherence maintains stability otherwise the entity falls into its own trap leading to loss of competitiveness in the market. Capital budgeting refers to the evaluation of the huge amount of expenditures and investments. These expenses or investments include projects such as building a new plant or long term investments (TULSIAN, 2016). Through capital budgeting, it becomes easier to evaluate whether the returns provided by the company are meeting up with the targets, this is done by calculating the lifetime outflows and inflows. This canalso be named as investment appraisal. For a business, it is advantageous for it to take up all opportunities and projects but due a Limitation of the availability of capital at a particular point of time, management uses capital budgeting techniques to determine the maximum return from all the available projects at a time (Clarke and Clarke, 1990). There are huge number of methods involved under capital budgeting, they are explained below: DCF Analysis: The NPV concept and the DCF concept is similar to each other. In both the case the initial cost, maintenance cost and the other cash outflows and inflows are pulled back in order to compute the Net present value of the project. NPV: The amount of cash inflows over the cash outflows is known as Net present value. It is used in the process of decision making through capital budgeting to determine the profitability from a project or a long term investment. The positive NPV of a project is an indication that the projected earnings exceed the costs while a negative NPV results in a loss (Fairhurst, 2015). For example- There are two projects A and B having different structures of cash flow and the required rate of return is 10.25 percent then the NPV of the cash flows will be as follows: Calculation of Net Present Values of each project NPV of Project A Year Cash Flow Present Value of Cash Flows 0 -50,000 -50,000 1 17,000 15,420 2 17,000 13,986 3 17,000 12,686 4 17,000 11,506 5 17,000 10,437 NPV 14,034 NPV of Project B Year Cash Flow Present Value of Cash Flows 0 -50,000 -50,000 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 99,500 61,084 NPV 11,084 Discounted Payback Period: This is a capital budgeting technique that determines the period required to break even from undertaking an initial expenditure by pulling the future value to the present value on practising time value of money. The rule says that the projects with discounted payback period less than the targeted period are to be accepted. IRR : IRR is defined as the interest rate at which the NPV of all the cash flows id zero in a given project or investment. This is used to evaluate the attractiveness of an investment. The rule says that the project is acceptable if the required return of the investor is less when compared to the IRR. However if the required rate is more than IRR then the project is not acceptable by the investor (Taylor, 2008). From the same example that has been taken for NPV we are calculating IRR: Calculation of Internal Rate of Return of each project For Project A: For Calculation of IRR, Inflow=Outflow Let be IRR 20.70% then PV of Inflows Year Cash Flow Present Value of Cash Flows 1 17000 14,085 2 17000 11,669 3 17000 9,668 4 17000 8,010 5 17000 6,636 50,067 Therefore, at 20.70% Pv of Inflows = PV of Outflows (50,000). Hence IRR is 20.70% For Project B: For Calculation of IRR, Inflow=Outflow Let be IRR 14.70% then PV of Inflows Year Cash Flow Present Value of Cash Flows 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 99500 50,119 NPV 50,119 Therefore, at 14.70% Pv of Inflows = PV of Outflows (50,000). Hence IRR is 14.70% Importance of Capital budgeting techniques is: Evaluation of Risks: long term investments are capital expenditures that involves identifiable and significant financial risks. Therefore, for proper planning, capital budgeting is important (Galbraith, Downey and Kates, 2002). Choosing of the best course of action: It helps a company to choose the best investment project that would give the best possible returns after considering every possible course of action available. It focuses on increasing the shareholders wealth and helps a company in achieving an edge in the market. Irreversible Investments: the funds are limited but involve huge investments. Therefore it is better to analyze the every possible scenario before investment as once a decision is being taken or once the money is being invested; there is no option of reversing back the decision. Long run of the business: capital budgeting helps in reduction of costs as well as determination of best maximum profit of the company. Since it helps in avoiding the over or under investments, proper planning analysis through capital budgeting helps in sustainability of the business in the ling run (Shim and Siegel, 2008). Various capital budgeting techniques includes: Sensitivity Analysis: This is an analysis of determining the result of a decision using different range of variables. The analyst determines the changes in dependent variables due to different values of independent variables assuming certain conditions to be constant. Its other name is what if analysis. Analysis could be made for any type of decisions be it a family vacation or corporate level decisions. Its basic meaning is determining the sensitivity in output because of variation in a particular ouput keeping the other constant. (Hassani, 2016). Following are the steps for conducting sensitivity analysis : The base case output is defined; say NPV at a particular base case input value (V1) for which the sensitivity is to be measured keeping all other inputs constant. The value of output is being determined at a new value of input (say V2) keeping other inputs same. Then, the % change in output the % change in the input is identified. The method to calculate sensitivity is dividing the percentage change in output by percentage change in input. The conclusion is being arrived with the fact that higher the sensitivity figure is, the more sensitive the output is to any change in that respective input and vice-versa. Scenerio Analysis : This is a process of determining the 'expected value' of an investment after a given period of time assuming certain differenced found in the values of key factors such as interest rates,etc. As a technique, this analysis requires an analyst to compute different reinvestment rates for expected returns that are invested again again and again during a particular time period. This analysis basically determines the changes in the values of the portfolio based on happening of different scenarios and follows the principles of 'what if' analysis. This evaluation is used to determine the risk present within a given amount of investment as related to a variety of potential events, ranging from highest to lowest probabilities. An investor through this analysis determines the level of risk that can be undertaken. There are various approaches of it including the most common approach called standard deviation of daily ot monthly security returns and then computing the expected value of the portfolio if each security generates returns that are either two or three standard deviations above or below the average returns (Holland and Torregrosa, 2008). Through this way, an analyst determines the reasonable certainty regarding the changes in the portfolio's values at a particular time period. It is important to note here that the above two analysis are not the same. This can be better understood with an example. For example, an equity analyst wants to conduct both sensitivity scenario analysis to consider the effect of earnings per share (EPS) on the company's relative valuation by using price to earnings (P/E) multiple. The sensitivity analysis depends on the variables affecting valuation, which can be depicted using variables' price and EPS. Through this analysis, the range of all possible outcomes are being recorded. While on the other hand, scenario analysis is being done by determining the outcomes based on a scenario. The analyst has to determine a certain scenario such as market crash or changes in regulations of the industry. He then uses different variables within that model to suit that scenario. If all these factors are being put together, the analyst has a broad picture including all range of outcomes, given all extremes, and an understanding of different outcomes using different set of inputs characterized by real life scenarios (Khan and Jain, 2014). Break Even Analysis : a point where the company is generating enough revenue so as to cover all the expenses incurred during that accounting period is known as breakeven point. By definition, the company's net income would br zero, that is, no profit no loss (Saunders and Cornett, 2017). It is important to state that the company's payback period isn't used to find the breakeven point as payback period is concerned with the number of periods needed to pay back an initial investment, while the breakeven point is concerned with the equalling of revenue and total costs with zero net income. This analysis shows that how many sales it takes to pay off the costs of doing that business. Following two points are to be considered : Accounting breakeven analysis : An accounting breakeven happens with total revenue equalling total costs,that is, profit is zero. This can be reached by computing the ratio of variable cost to sales. For example, the ratio is 0.65 so this means that with every rupee of a sales of each unit, contribution is.0.35 (Palepu, Healy and Peek, 2016). Thus, the contribution margin ratio becomes 0.35. Breakeven point can therefore be calculated as : BEP = (Fixed Cost + Depreciation) /Contribution Margin Ratio. If we do not add the depreciation, the same BEP is called as cash break even point. The project that reaches the breakeven point indicates that there are zero returns. Thus, only the investment value will be recovered. Financial breakeven analysis : An NPV breakeven occurs when the cash flows are equivalent to the initial investments, that is, the NPV is zero. Thus, to arrive at breakeven point, an analyst makes an analysis of reaching that level of sales where the NPV of the project is zero. Simulation Analysis : The term 'simulation' means an imitation of something or pretending of some action. Monte Carlo Simulation is an analysis of imitation of some real things or star of affairs or different processes that represents the key features of a system using random numbers (Phillips, 2014). It basically adds the dimensions of uncertain and moving analysis to capital budgeting as it involves building up of various scenarios which are in accordance with the assumptions of the analyst. It considers the interactions the probabilities of changes in variables. This analysis involves following steps : The variables are to be identified that influence both cash inflows outflows. The formula is to be stated relating all the variables and then, a probability distribution for each variable is to be determined. Now, a computer programme is to be developed that randomly selects one value from the probability distribution of each every variable and determines the project's NPV using such values. The outcome in this regard is not a single value result but a probability distribution of all the possible expected returns. Simulation analysis is a significant tool to understand from the depth of the capital budgeting so as ti enhance the investment decisions (Reilly and Brown, 2012). However, it is unable to deal with the uncertainties. Also, such an analysis is not a remedy of all problems as overlooking of important inter relationships between the variables can lead to wrong conclusions and misleading outcomes. Capital Budgeting techniques are important for corporate decision making but it has certain limitation too. Some if them are listed below : Since it has long term perspective therefore it cannot be used for short term implications. Also, decisions taken on the basis of capital budgeting, if in case, turns out to be wrong, can adversely affect the long term survival of the business. Also, it leads to increment in operating expenses (Saltelli, Chan and Scott, 2008) . Inadequate wrong investments makes it difficult for the business to make a proper budget and the capital. Such decisions includes large amount of funds and therefore, decisions are to br made very carefully as once the decisions are taken, it cannot be modified. References: Berman, K., Knight, J. and Case, J. (n.d.).Financial intelligence for HR professionals. Bruner, R., Eades, K. and Schill, M. (2017).Case studies in finance. Dubuque, IA: McGraw-Hill Education. Clarke, R. and Clarke, R. (1990).Strategic financial management. Homewood, Ill.: R.D. Irwin. Fairhurst, D. (2015).Using Excel for Business Analysis A Guide to Financial Modelling Fundamenta. John Wiley Sons. Galbraith, J., Downey, D. and Kates, A. (2002).Designing dynamic organizations. New York: AMACOM. Hassani, B. (2016).Scenario analysis in risk management. Cham: Springer International Publishing. Holland, J. and Torregrosa, D. (2008).Capital budgeting. [Washington, D.C.]: Congress of the U.S., Congressional Budget Office. Khan, M. and Jain, P. (2014).Financial management. New Delhi: McGraw Hill Education. Palepu, K., Healy, P. and Peek, E. (2016).Business analysis and valuation. Andover, Hampshire, United Kingdom: Cengage Learning EMEA. Phillips, J. (2014).Capm / pmp. New York: McGraw Hill. Reilly, F. and Brown, K. (2012).Investment analysis portfolio management. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Saltelli, A., Chan, K. and Scott, E. (2008).Sensitivity analysis. Chichester: John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Saunders, A. and Cornett, M. (2017).Financial institutions management. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Shim, J. and Siegel, J. (2008).Financial management. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Barron's Educational Series. Taylor, S. (2008).Modelling financial time series. New Jersey: World Scientific. TULSIAN, B. (2016).TULSIAN'S FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FOR CA-IPC (GROUP-I). [S.l.]: S CHAND CO LTD.

Students Learning Disabilities

Tips For Writing A Microeconomics Essay

Tips For Writing A Microeconomics Essay Microeconomics Essay: Topic of Relevance A big challenge many students face is coming up with a unique topic to write about. Crafting the right question is a crucial part of your writing progression. Just one poor choice and the results can be devastating. In order to choose the right choice topic, figure out which topic you are conversant with because the more you know about it, the easier it will be for your writing process. Choosing your topic in haste can result in very disappointing results since your final work will be jumbled up. Take your time while figuring out the topic of discussion that you are familiar with, do personal research of how best you know it and if it fits your description, draft it. Many students assume that sitting down to brainstorm, conduct research and finally structuring the right question is a waste of time. What you should understand from this is that the time you have invested will save you more time and energy when writing down your essay. Our article has researched and came up with the 65 common topics, particularly in areas microeconomics essay papers focus on. The list consists of both broad and narrow scoped topics. Important Areas of Research Microeconomics is a branch of economic science that entails elements of a scientific study. This study through research has conveyed ways of helping economists predict economic propensities. For instance, they can foresee the market reaction when a specified group of individuals comes up with a purchasing decision. Keep in mind that this model is based on the predictions which are limited to highlighting possible changes on the market. This relates to the market incentives which may give you different results from the ones you predicted. Below is a list of 15 broad-spectrum topics that any micro-economics paper question can be crafted around: Finding a balance for supply and demand Opportunity costs Information economics Elasticity (the extent on variable response can quickly change in another variable) Ecological problems facing the US and Europe due to planned economies Production costs Game theory Flawless competition Consumer demand theory (the ability of the consumers to strike a balance between the need for buying a product, or services rendered and the costs charged). Economics of labor Market structure and the systems that run it Conditions to be met or a microeconomic model to be implemented. Mention the interaction between natural, industrial and household. An argumentative essay based on the microeconomic market organization Theory of production (a study that explains how inputs are converted to outputs). The effect of monopoly on the market (how a single dominant organization that supplies a particular commodity influences the marketplace dynamics and the consumer demand theory Microeconomics Essay Questions Relating to Supply and Demand How is pricing influenced by the dynamics of supply and demand How is the labor market a major influence of supply and demand? Is there an active role the labor union contributes to this? How do diverse market structures influence supply and demand? Microeconomics essay questions that focus on Ecology and Nature How do seasonal variations affect the economy? Discuss ways you can reduce the influence of a small business on an environment How do companies maneuver through ecology based on market and planned economies? What is the overall effect of enforced travel fees on eco-responsibility? What are the indicators of ecological economics that help define its effectiveness? What is your take on the concept of green business process management? Is a crucial part of environmental economics? Does the concept of sustainable development really assure sustainability in terms of Environmental Economics, Ecological Economics Green Economics? What is the ultimate purpose of Ecology, and what do we hope to achieve in advancing the field? What do you think are the differences between green economy and ecological economics? Which paradigm(s) is (are) the most suitable for assessing the economy-environment relationship? How can ecosystem service (ES) assessments be designed to include equity issues about the distribution of benefits and costs of ES use? Explain the concept of Payment of ecosystem services and watershed restoration How to quantify forest ecosystem services such as aesthetic values, recreation, etc.? What is an ecological modeling reference? Can green economies exist outside green markets? What is the basic difference between Ecological Economics and Environmental Economics’? Micro-economic Essay Based on Healthcare Economic models that are applicable in the informal payments of healthcare systems Describe what you can learn on cost-effectiveness analysis of healthcare interventions What are the main characteristics of a private healthcare care system? Explain the correlation of healthcare profits to taxation Micro-economic Essay Questions on Business, SMB, and Manufacturing Economics Problems experienced by a new business due to the current market dynamics? What is the law of diminishing returns and how do you handle its effect on input? How do you develop the profit returns of a business? What is the impact of local manufacturing to the community? What is the effect of purchasing local produce on the economy of a country? What are the main aspects of a successful business? What are the advantages of having a good working atmosphere for a business? What ways can a business employ to survive an economic crisis? How do small companies compete with well-established rivals? Do a case study of business foreseeing closure and make an analysis of alternatives? Carry out research and document the local trends within a community that influence the expansion or opening of a business Benefits of the no-sale policy on a business What are the effects of the recession on a company? Provide a specified company as your specific enterprise to talk about. What are the ways of reducing risk and loss in an expanding business? Define and analyze the traits of a strong leader in a business enterprise What are the strategies you need to employ to ensure a small business does not go bankrupt? Does crowdfunding have any benefits? discuss Discuss the benefits of creativity and their influence on the success of a company Micro-economic Essay Based on Aspects of Social Media, PR, and Advertising: Explain ways advertising influences purchasing decisions How are advertising and microeconomics associated? What are the benefits of this? What are the chances that a business will successfully maneuver through a quality related scandal? The importance of social media advertising in encouraging supply Explain pricing as compared to salary in relation to a minimum wage increase The above samples are relevant in your research for ideas about essays that relate to micro-economics. By reading through this list, I hope that you will get inspired to come up with your own. However, this list should be utilized as a guideline to tailor your own essay question that you can best handle based on your knowledge about it. The topics covered are just a few out of the many that you can find upon research. A Sample Essay for Microeconomics Below is an essay that we have created for you to give you an in-depth understanding of the writing of a microeconomics essay: QUESTION: Has industrialization posed a threat to nature? What effects does the destruction of nature have on economics? Between the years 1970 up to 2012, the economy of the United States has grown steadily to the 100 percent mark. This, however, was not easily achieved, since the natural environment has suffered pollution. Even with the many anti-pollution policies made and adopted by the United States government, the action towards upholding their integrity has been minimal.   Prior research estimated that carbon dioxide emissions have only decreased by 12% within the period of 2007 and 2012. Carbon dioxide, however, is the one out of the many toxins that affect the environment. This is a clear indication of the negative effects that many businesses and companies contribute to with their ignorance on controlling and eliminating pollution. Microeconomics describes pollution as an externality. The meaning of an externality is an act that distresses third party people who were not related to the action.   This phenomenon can pose both positive and negative problems. For instance, if you live in an area where there is a nightclub which you do not attend but you always hear the loud thuds and noises each time it is operational, you are considered an externality. This is a situation where you can you are not part of the activities that are around you but the events happening reach you. This can be either a positive or negative experience depending on how you feel about it. Pollution, however, will always be a negative externality since it poses harmful effects on humans, animals, and plants. With the increase of demand for commodities, production rates have been increased; thus an upsurge in the toxic by-products which pose a threat to the health of the environment.   This trend sieves through societys moral standards and eventually becomes a custom to them. Maintaining a healthy environment can only be achieved if the amounts of commodities manufactured by a company are reduced. This, however, will be hard to achieve because everyone is out to search for their source of wealth, and do not care about the consequences that might arise. As a way for managing this trend, most of the economists suggest that each cost of production should have a budget for the cost of pollution. The list provided should cover the following aspects; the influence that the pollution has on human health and safety, the resulting effect it extends to property value, its effect on recreation events and its effect on the wildlife habitat. Here is an example of how the cost consideration should be summed up: A company manufactures freezers at a production cost estimated at $700 per unit; the cost of production will increase to $150 per unit if pollution management production is included in the production of the freezer.   Several units that could be produced will take a downward dive due to the increased expense. This will affect the sales price which will shoot up since the cost production has significantly gone up. Within the customer’s perspective, when it comes to choosing a product that is eco-friendly, or the one that lacks this element and is cheaper, the customer will always opt for the cheaper option. This means that the eco-friendly companies will suffer a loss despite the fact that their product is of more quality than the one they chose. To reduce pollution, the consumer trends adopted by many should change and opt for eco-friendly products. To enforce this dynamic, government legislation may have to be put into order, where the damage cost exceeds the normal cost to ensure producers change their designs to more eco-friendly products. This type of conditions will be the reason for the shift of economic perspective to the protection of the environment.†

The repeal of the US Banking Act 1933 (commonly known as the Essay

The repeal of the US Banking Act 1933 (commonly known as the Glass-Steagall Act) was a substantial cause of the global bankin - Essay Example Stock markets in most of the countries plunged and there was widespread inflation everywhere. Food and oil prices rose to an all time high. Oil price went as high as $147 a barrel. (Oil and Gasoline, April 6, 2011). Lack of purchasing power led to a fall in demand for goods and as a result several industries suffered. International institutions like IMF and European Union outlined several corrective policies and advised nations on adopting more risk aversive regulatory measures for the national financial institutions. All over the world the governments dished out policies and bailout programs for the citizens and institutions to tackle problems like inflation and unemployment. Most of the countries spent huge amount of money from their federal reserve’s in an effort to bring them back to the path of sustained growth. German government helped Hypo Real Estate with $50 billion (Bettinga and Parkin, September 29, 2008). Investors from UK had huge losses in the London Stock Exchan ge. On October 2008 the British government announced a plan worth $850 billion to rescue its banks from going into insolvency. (Nanto, 2010, p.58) The US government adopted the Troubled Asset Relief Program in 3rd October 2008 to rescue the distressed homeowners and also lent to $182 billion to AIG to prevent it from going down (GAO, 2009; The Troubled Asset Relief Program, n.d.). In total they pledged $700 billion to fight the recession in their country. The bailout though saved the economy for the time being, a lot of senators argued that these monetary assistance from public money cannot chart long-term growth stability for the country. They emphasized on the need for the Glass- Steagall Act that was enacted at the time of the Great Depression to be reinforced. In this paper we shall try to address the issue concerning whether the Glass-Steagall Act was needed to prevent the Financial Crisis. About the Act United States experienced worst recessions in its history during the 1930s . One of the primary reasons behind the recession was that the bankers and brokers of the nation were guilty of dubious financial practices like using their customer’s deposit to invest in stocks and securities. Also they used their financial might to inflate the prices of the securities and did not have enough capital cushions to back up their investments. So when the public got scared and wanted to withdraw their deposits a large number of banks went insolvent. A large number of small banks filed for bankruptcy and the nation faced an extreme crisis. Under such circumstances the US Banking Act of 1933 also called the Glass-Seagull Act was enacted under President Roosevelt to prevent the country from further such disasters. The Glass-Steagall Act had two main components. They are as follows: Setting up the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to insure the deposit of the customers and secure their deposit: This was done firstly, to restore the customers faith in bank deposits and secondly, to collect money so that the banks can be assisted in terms of liquidity crisis. A lot of banks were saved from bankruptcy by receiving capital from the FDIC. Separating the commercial banking activities from the investment banking activity: Firstly, this would prevent the banks from using the saving of their customer to indulge in buying stocks and bonds.